7. समकालीन साहित्य में आर्थिक विमर्श-डॉ0 जगदीश चन्द्र जोशी

Page No.: 48-52

ledkyhu lkfgR; esa vkfFkZd foe’kZ

 

lkjka’k % ledkyhu lkfgR; esa vHkkoksa ls tw> jgs loZgkjk oxZ dk dfo;ksa us lVhd fp=.k fd;k gSA ukxktqZu] /kwfey] dsnkjukFk flag] Hkokuh çlkn feJ] dsnkjukFk vxzoky] f=ykspu] jke’ksj cgknqj flag] nq”;Ur dqekj] eqfäcks/k] dSyk’k oktisbZ] mn; çdk’k fnudj vkfn us jksVh] diM+k vkSj edku ls oafpr oxZ dks gh viuh dfork dk fo”k; ugha cuk;k gS cfYd osru ds fy, rjlrs fcgkj ds fo|ky;ksa ds f’k{kdksa dks Hkh dfork dk dsUæ fcUnq cuk;kA dfo;ksa us fujUrj lkekftd “kMîU=ksa] vHkkoksa] vkfFkZd fo”kerkvksa ds fo#) yM+us rFkk la?k”kZ djus dh psruk iSnk dhA

cht’kCn % vkfFkZd] pwYgk] mYyklghurk] mYykle;rk] nq%[k] ihM+k] xkM+h] uDlyckM+h] fj’or[kksjh] dkykcktkjhA

       lkfgR; lekt dk niZ.k gSA lekt esa vkfFkZd fo”kerk ds dkj.k ekuo thou çHkkfor gksrk gSA /kuoku gksus ij vusd yksx mlds lxs&lEcU/kh gksrs gSaA mlls fdlh u fdlh rjg dk fj’rk cukus ,oa crkus yxrs gSaA ;fn ;gh O;fä vkfFkZd :i ls detksj gks tk; rks ogh lxs&lEcU/kh igpkuus ls Hkh euk dj nsrs gSaA Hkkstu] diM+s ,oa vkokl dh vR;f/kd deh] lkekftd lqj{kk dk vHkko] fuj{krk] csxkjh] ljdkj rFkk ç’kklu dk mnklhurkiw.kZ vkSj dVqrkiw.kZ O;ogkj ledkyhu lkfgR;dkjksa dh ys[kuh ls vNwrk ugha jgk gSA

       dfo ukxktqZu us tulk/kkj.k dk tks bl lalkj esa ihfM+r gS] çrkfM+r gS] ‘kksf”kr vkSj vkrafdr gS] nq%[k rFkk nnZ ls ijs’kku gS muds i{k esa [kM+s gksus dk fu’p; fd;kA ihfM+r lekt ds çfr LokHkkfod osnuk vkSj lgkuqHkwfr dk Hkko ukxktqZu ds eu esa jgk gSA ukxktqZu lgt vuqHkwfr vkSj ihM+k dks dq’kyrk ls vfHkO;ä djrs gSaA ^dbZ fnuksa rd* dfork esa dfo us mYyklghurk rFkk mYykle;rk dk vR;Ur çHkko’kkyh okrkoj.k çLrqr fd;k gS &

 

^dbZ fnuksa rd pwYgk jks;k pDdh jgh mnkl]

dbZ fnuksa rd dkuh dqfr;k lksbZ muds iklA

dbZ fnuksa rd yxh Hkhr ij fNidfy;ksa dh xLr

dbZ fnuksa rd pwgksa dh Hkh gkyr jgh f’kdLrA

nkus vk;s ?kj ds vUnj dbZ fnuksa ds ckn]

/kqvk¡ mBk vkaxu ds Åij dbZ fnuksa ds cknA

ped mBh ?kj Hkj dh vk¡[ksa dbZ fnuksa ds ckn]¹

dkS, us [kqtykbZ ik¡[ksa dbZ fnuksa ds cknAA

       çfl) dfo f=ykspu dh dfork ds ewy esa d#.kk gSA vU; tuoknh dfo;ksa dh Hkkafr vFkkZHkko ls tw> jgs foiUu] Hkw[ks] uaxs tuleqnk; dks nwj ls ns[kdj æfor ugha gksrs cfYd f=ykspu dh d#.kk fujarj lrg ds uhps ls çokfgr gksus okyh d#.k Hkko/kkjk gSA vusd fo”kerkvksa rFkk nq%[k ds csjge nnZ dh ekj dks ok.kh nsus okys] ?kqVuksa ds cy fxjus o peM+s ds fNyus ij ik¡o dks eydj fQj ls pyus dks rS;kj jgrk gSA

^nq%[k vkSj xku* dfork esa dfo dh vk’kkokfnrk eq[kfjr gks mBrh gS &

^tc&tc nq%[k dh jkr f?kjh]

rc&rc eSa xkuk

[kqydj xkrk jgk] v¡/ksjs esa Loj esjk]

vkSj mnkÙk gks x;k] lh[kk ugha fNikukA*²

dfo Hkokuh çlkn feJ dh dforkvksa esa Hkh nq%[k] vHkko] ihM+k vkSj çrkM+uk dk fp=.k txg&txg ij fey tkrk gSA dfo ds fy, ;g t:jh ugha gS fd og etnwjksa] fdlkuksa ,oa xjhc yksxksa dk nq[kM+k jksrs jgs vfirq mUgsa lcds lkFk nq%[k dks lgrs gq, la?k’kZ djuk gh gksxk &

^jksuk etnwj ,oa fdlku ds nq[kM+s dks

‘kh’ks esa gtkj ckj ns[kuk eq[kM+s dks

dke ls] ilhus ls dksbZ igpku ugha

mrjsxh dSls mu ‘kCnksa esa O;kdqyrk

ftudk nq%[k ekuk gS( mudk nq%[k tkuks rks*A³

       dfo dsnkjukFk vxzoky dks ‘kksf”kr ds Hkfo”; ij ,oa mldh laxBukRed ‘kfä ij Hkjkslk gSA dfo dk dguk gS &

^eSaus mldks tc&tc ns[kk&yksgk ns[kk

yksgk tSlk rirs ns[kk] xyrs ns[kk] <yrs ns[kkA

eSaus mldks xksyh tSls pyrs ns[kkA⁴

       ledkyhu lkfgR; esa /kwfey fof’k”V gLrk{kj gSaA vkneh dh ihM+k] Hkw[k] nfjærk] xjhch ds tUenkrk ‘kks”kd oxZ ij rhoz dVk{k djus ls /kwfey ugha pwdrs gSaA os tek[kksjksa dh xgjh ijrksa dks m?kkM+rs gq, O;aX; djrs gSa&

^,d vkneh

jksVh csyrk gS

,d vkneh jksVh [kkrk gS

,d rhljk vkneh Hkh gS-

tks u jksVh csyrk gS u jksVh [kkrk gS

og flQZ jksVh ls [ksyrk gS

eSa iwNrk gw¡ &

;g rhljk vkneh dkSu gS \

ns’k dh laln ekSu gSA*⁵

vkfFkZd fo”kerk vkSj ‘kks”k.k dk ifj.kke uDlyckM+h vkUnksyu gSA /kwfey dgrs gSa&

^;gk¡ turk ,d xkM+h gS

,d gh lafo/kku ds uhps

Hkw[k ls fj;krh gqbZ QSyh gFksyh dk uke

^n;k^ gS

vkSj Hkw[k esa

ruh gqbZ eqëh dk uke

uDlyckM+h gSA*⁶

       nq”;Ur dqekj vius le; ds pfpZr dfo jgs gSaA fu/kZurk ds lR; dks mn~?kkfVr djrs gq, nq”;Ur dqekj dgrs gSa &

^;k muds QVs oL= rqedks Hkjek x,\

ik¡oksa dh fcokbZ ls rqe /kks[kk [kk x,\

tks mudks ,slk xyr jkLrk lq>k x,\

D;ksa ugha crkbZ jkg\*⁷

       eqfäcks/k dh dfork esa çk;% ekuo thou ls lEcfU/kr fcEcksa dk çk/kkU; jgk gSA dfo eqfäcks/k dh ^va/ksjs esa* uked dfork esa ,d vlgk;] detksj ,oa fBBqjs gq, O;fä dk fcEc n’kZuh; gS &

^lkeus esjs

lnhZ esa cksjs dks vks<+dj

dksbZ ,d vius

gkFk&iSj lesVs

dk¡i jgk] fgy jgk&og ej tk;xkA⁸

       dSyk’k oktis;h dk ekuuk gS fd jksVh vkneh dks :ykrh gS] ysfdu dqN le; i’pkr mlds vUnj ls ,d vkSj Hkw[k mls vkokt nsus yxrh gS&

^rqeus feêh ls bfrgkl dh

txex mBk;h ,d ehukj

twrksa dks Bhd iSj

xsgw¡ dh [kkyh vk¡r nh

fd Bhd jkg tk lds

ftUnxhA*

dHkh exj lkspk u gksxk rqeus ekDlZ

uD’ks ij gS ns’k ,slk Hkh\

       ^ns[kuk vks xaxk eb;k* dfork esa ukxktqZu xaxk unh esa ls dwn&dwndj iSls <w<rs] jsr esa Vksg ysrs gq, eYykgksa ds oL=foghu cPpksa dk ltho fp=.k dj jgs gSa &

^pan iSls

nks&,d nqvUuh&,dUuh

dkuiqj&cEcbZ dh viuh dekbZ esa ls

Mky x;s gSa J)kyq xaxk eb;k ds uke

iqy ij ls xqtj pqdh gS Vªsu

uhps çokgeku mFkyh&fNNyh /kkj esa

QqrhZ ls [kkst jgs iSls

eYykgksa ds uax&/kM+ax NksdjsA*¹⁰

       o”kkZ_rq esa ck<+ ,d cgqr cM+h =klnh gSA dfo jke’ksj cgknqj flag ^ck<+ 1948* dfork esa ck<+ ls gksus okyh tu&/ku dh gkfu dk fp=.k djrs gq, dg jgs gSa &

^teuk esa tcjnLr ck<+ vkbZ gSA

vkSj xaxk esa Hkh ————-!

cM+h tcjnLr ck<+ vkbZ gS]

u tkus fdrus eu cksjs xsgw¡ ds cg x,

fdruh gh dPph fnokjksa esa yhik gqvk /ku cpk;k u tk ldk] og x;kA*¹¹

       fj’or[kksjh] pksjcktkjh] dkykcktkjh vkSj eqækLQhfr ds dkj.k vusd vkfFkZd leL;kvksa us xjhc ,oa fuEu&e/;oxZ dk thou d”Vnk;h cuk fn;k gSA turk csjkstxkjh] Hkq[kejh vkSj xjhch ls tw> jgh gSA dfo mn; çdk’k us ^oSjkxh vk;k xk¡o esa* dfork esa vR;ar xjhc tu dh foiUurk ,oa nfjærk iw.kZ thou dk ltho o.kZu fd;k gS &

^tgk¡ rqEgkjk pwYgk BaMk iM+k gSA

irhyh vkSa/kh /kjh gS vkSj ik¡p fnu dh Hkw[kh dkuh dqfr;k tgk¡ lks jgh gSA ik¡p fnu dh cq>h jk[k ijA*¹²

ekuo ek= ds nq%[k&nnZ ls ihfM+r gksus okys] jk”Vªdfo jke/kkjh flag fnudj us Lora= Hkkjr esa fu/kZurk ds vkgr djus okys i{k dk fp=.k fd;k gSA ;g –’; ân; dks dpksVrk gS &  

^”okuksa dks feyrk nw/k&oL=] ij Hkw[ks ckyd vdqykrs gSaA

ek¡ dh gìh ls fpid fBBqj] tkM+ksa dh jkr fcrkrs gSaA*¹³

vkfFkZd fo”kerkvksa dks tUe nsus okyh O;oLFkk ls etnwj] fdlku gh ugha f’k{kd] deZpkjh Hkh =Lr gSaA fcgkj ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa fLFkr fo|ky;ksa vkSj muesa dk;Z dj jgs f’k{kdksa dh okLrfod fLFkfr dks ^ekLVj* ‘kh”kZd dfork esa dfo ukxktqZu }kjk dqN bl rjg fp=.k fd;k x;k gS &

^fy[kk var esa ^/;ku nhft,] cgqr fnuksa ls feyku osru

fdlls dgw¡] fn[kkbZ iM+rs dgha ugha vc os usrkx.k

fiNys nQs fd;k Fkk geusa iVus esa tk&tkds vulu

Lo;a vFkZeU=h th fudys] og ns x;s gesa vk’oklu

vkSj D;k fy[kw¡] bu nsgkrh Ldwyksa ij Hkh n;k dhft,

nhu&ghu Nk=ksa&xq#vksa dh dqN Hkh rks lq/k vki yhft,]

gVs feVs ;g fuiV tgkyr] çHkq xzkeh.kksa ij ilhft,]

dbZ QaM gSa muesa ls vc gedks okftc ,M nhft,AA*¹⁴

vFkkZHkko esa lg;ksx] n;k] çse&I;kj] Lusg] feyuk&tqyuk] d#.kk] lgkuqHkwfr vkfn Hkko lekt esa frjksfgr ls gksus yxrs gSaA ledkyhu lkfgR;dkjksa us viuh dfork esa cM+h ekfeZdrk ds lkFk bl Hkkouk dks vfHkO;ä fd;k gSA vkfFkZd ladV ls :c: x`g.kh vius pwYgs esa ifjokj ds lHkh lnL;ksa ds fy, jksVh ds fgLls cukrh gSA lEiw.kZ ifjokj vHkkoksa ls tw> jgk gSA ^x`g.kh Hkkstu cukrs&cukrs dqy lkexzh dk fgLlk&ck¡Vk djus esa yxh gSA oLrqr% ;g oxZ bruh fu/kZurk esa thou&;kiu dj jgk gS] fd ^jksVh* l–“k furkar uSlfxZd vko’;drk dh çfriwfrZ esa Hkh vleFkZ gSA ;gk¡ cPps Hkw[ks jg tkrs gSaA ek¡ dk psgjk iFkjk;k jgrk gS] firk vHkkoksa esa tw>rs dkB cu tkrs gSaA lkjk&dk&lkjk ?kj viuh gh vkx esa tyrk gqvk çrhr gksrk gSA*¹⁵

ledkyhu lkfgR;dkjksa esa iw¡thifr oxZ ds çfr ?kksj ?k`.kk dk Hkko >ydrk gSA os le>rs gSa fd iw¡thifr xjhcksa dk jä pwldj okrkuqdwfyr d{kksa esa csfQØ gksdj lks jgs gSa] tcfd xjhc tu vHkkoxzLr fLFkfr esa nj&nj dh Bksdjsa [kkus dks etcwj gSaA

 

M‚0 txnh’k pUæ tks’kh

vflå çksQslj fgUnh&foHkkx

,eåchåjktdh; LukrdksÙkj egkfo|ky;

gY}kuh ¼uSuhrky½ 263139

E-Mail : joshi&hindi01@gmail.com

eksck0&7500334778

1&   pkyhlksÙkj dfork ds ghjd gLrk{kj&M‚0 nqxkZçlkn vks>k] MkW0 e/kq[kUuk] MkW0 byk lqdqekj] i`’B&128

2&   pkyhlksRrj dfork ds ghjd gLrk{kj&MkW0 nqxkZizlkn vks>k] MkW0 e/kq [kUuk] dq0 byk lqdqekj] i`’B&142

3&   pkyhlksRrj dfork ds ghjd gLrk{kj&MkW0 nqxkZizlkn vks>k] MkW0 e/kq [kUuk] dq0 byk lqdqekj] i`’B&160

4&   fgUnh lkfgR; dk laf{kIr bfrgkl&fo”oukFk f=ikBh] i`’B&119

5&   fgUnh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl&MkW0 Jh fuokl “kekZ] i`’B&687

6&   laln ls lM+d rd & /kwfey] i`’B&125

7&   lw;Z dk Lokxr&nq’;Ur dqekj] i`’B&72

8&   pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<+k gS & x0ek0 eqfDrcks/k] i`’B&35

9&   izfrfuf/k dfork,a & dSyk”k oktis;h] i`’B&75

10& pkyhlksRrj fgUnh dfork&MkW0 jkev¡tksj flag] Mh0ih0 vks>k] i`’B&255] 256

11& izfrfuf/k dfork,a & “ke”ksj cgknqj flag] i`’B&80

12& vcwrj&dcwrj % oSjkxh vk;k gS xk¡o esa & mn; izdk”k] i`’B&16

13& fgUnh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl & MkW0 Jhfuokl “kekZ] i`’B&629

14& izfrfuf/k dfork,a & ukxktqZu i`’B&100

15& ledkyhu fgUnh dfork esa vkevkneh & e`nqyk tks”kh] i`’B&126

 

 M‚0 txnh’k pUæ tks’kh

vflå çksQslj fgUnh&foHkkx

,eåchåjktdh; LukrdksÙkj egkfo|ky;

gY}kuh ¼uSuhrky½ 263139